Shoot for the moon in our Python version of the Atari hit, Lunar Lander. Mark Vanstone has the code.

Atari’s cabinet featured a thrust control, two buttons for rotating, and an abort button in case it all went horribly wrong.

Lunar Lander

First released in 1979 by Atari, Lunar Lander was based on a concept created a decade earlier. The original 1969 game (actually called Lunar) was a text-based affair that involved controlling a landing module’s thrust to guide it safely down to the lunar surface; a later iteration, Moonlander, created a more visual iteration of the same idea on the DEC VT50 graphics terminal.

Given that it appeared at the height of the late-seventies arcade boom, though, it was Atari’s coin-op that became the most recognisable version of Lunar Lander, arriving just after the tenth anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing. Again, the aim of the game was to use rotation and thrust controls to guide your craft, and gently set it down on a suitably flat platform. The game required efficient control of the lander, and extra points were awarded for parking successfully on more challenging areas of the landscape.

The arcade cabinet was originally going to feature a normal joystick, but this was changed to a double stalked up-down lever providing variable levels of thrust. The player had to land the craft against the clock with a finite amount of fuel with the Altitude, Horizontal Speed, and Vertical Speed readouts at the top of the screen as a guide. Four levels of difficulty were built into the game, with adjustments to landing controls and landing areas.

Our homage to the classic Lunar Lander. Can you land without causing millions of dollars’ worth of damage?

Making the game

To write a game like Lunar Lander with Pygame Zero, we can replace the vector graphics with a nice pre-drawn static background and use that as a collision detection mechanism and altitude meter. If our background is just black where the Lander can fly and a different colour anywhere the landscape is, then we can test pixels using the Pygame function image.get_at() to see if the lander has landed. We can also test a line of pixels from the Lander down the Y-axis until we hit the landscape, which will give us the lander’s altitude.

The rotation controls of the lander are quite simple, as we can capture the left and right arrow keys and increase or decrease the rotation of the lander; however, when thrust is applied (by pressing the up arrow) things get a little more complicated. We need to remember which direction the thrust came from so that the craft will continue to move in that direction even if it is rotated, so we have a direction property attached to our lander object. A little gravity is applied to the position of the lander, and then we just need a little bit of trigonometry to work out the movement of the lander based on its speed and direction of travel.

To judge if the lander has been landed safely or rammed into the lunar surface, we look at the downward speed and angle of the craft as it reaches an altitude of 1. If the speed is sufficiently slow and the angle is near vertical, then we trigger the landed message, and the game ends. If the lander reaches zero altitude without these conditions met, then we register a crash. Other elements that can be added to this sample are things like a limited fuel gauge and variable difficulty levels. You might even try adding the sounds of the rocket booster noise featured on the original arcade game.

Engage

The direction of thrust could be done in several ways. In this case, we’ve kept it simple, with one directional value which gradually moves in a new direction when an alternative thrust is applied. You may want to try making an X- and Y-axis direction calculation for thrust so that values are a combination of the two dimensions. You could also add joystick control to provide variable thrust input.

Here’s Mark’s code snippet, which creates a simple shooting game in Python. To get it working on your system, you’ll need to install Pygame Zero. And to download the full code and assets, go here.

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